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To understand the working principal of Boiler

The steam-generating boiler’s roots go back to the late 1700s and early 1800s with the

development of the kettle-type boiler, which simply boiled water into steam. The water

was placed above a fire box and then boiled into steam. It wasn’t until around 1867, withe development of the convection boiler that the steam-generating industry began.It may be debated who developed the first steam-generating boiler; however, most willagree that George Babcock and Steven Wilcoxwere two of the founding fathers of thesteam-generating boiler. They were the first to patent their boiler design, which usedtubes inside a firebrick-walled structure to generate steam, in 1867, and they formedBabcock & Wilcox Company in New York City in 1891. Their first boilers were quite small,used lump coal, fired by hand, and operated at a very low rate of heat input. The solidfirebrick walls that formed the enclosure for the unit were necessary because they helpedthe combustion process by reradiating heat back into the furnace area.The Stirling Boiler Company, owned by O.C. Barber and named for the street (Stirling Avenue) the facility was on in Barberton, Ohio, also began making boilers in 1891. Theireighth Stirling boiler design was called the H-type boiler (“h” being the eighth letter in thealphabet) and had a brick setting design. The Stirling boiler was much larger than theBabcock & Wilcox boiler and used three drums to help circulate the water and steam flowthroughout the boiler.In 1907, the Stirling Boiler Company merged with the Babcock & Wilcox Company. Theyrenamed their boiler the H-type Stirling, and it became one of best-selling boilers of itstime, probably because of its ability to produce up to 50,000 pounds of steam per hour.However, they were not the only boiler manufacturers during the late 1800s. The GrieveGrate Company and the American Stoker Company were also making boilers of similarall-brick-wall design. They both used a traveling or screw-type grate at the bottom of theboiler to transport the fuel (lump coal) across the inside of the boiler. As the fuel traveledacross the inside of the boiler, it was burned and the ash or un-burned fuel would dropinto a hopper. These two companies later formed the Combustion EngineeringCompany in 1912. The new Combustion Engineering Company offered their version ofthe Grieve and American Stoker boilers and called it the Type E stoker boiler.

Vertical YLL coal fired chain grate thermal oil boiler

Theory

: A boiler or steam generator is used wherever a source of steam is required. The form andsize depends on the application: mobile steam enginessuch as steamlocomotives, portable enginesand steam-powered road vehiclestypically use a smallerboiler that forms an integral part of the vehicle; stationary steam engines, industrialinstallations and power stations will usually have a larger separate steam generatingfacility connected to the point-of-use by piping. A notable exception is the steam-powered fireless locomotive, where separately-generated steam is transferred to areceiver (tank) on the locomotive.The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam enginewhenconsidered as a prime mover. However it needs be treated separately, as to some extenta variety of generator types can be combined with a variety of engine units. A boilerincorporates a fireboxor furnacein order to burn the fuel and generate heat. Thegenerated heat is transferred to water to make steam, the process of boiling. Thisproduces saturated steamat a rate which can vary according to the pressure above theboiling water. The higher the furnace temperature, the faster the steam production. Thesaturated steam thus produced can then either be used immediately to produce powervia a turbine and alternator, or else may be further superheatedto a higher temperature;this notably reduces suspended water content making a given volume of steam producemore work and creates a greater temperature gradient, which helps reduce the potentialto form condensation. Any remaining heat in the combustion gasescan then either beevacuated or made to pass through an economizer, the role of which is to warm the feedwaterbefore it reaches the boiler.Figure: Schematic diagram of Boiler Plant

boiler operation: boiler zero to boiler hero